The highest city in the world

The highest city in the world is not in Nepal, as for some reason, many believe, and in Bolivia. It Potosi, a city which in the time of the Incas was the largest silver mine in South America. It was built at an altitude of 4090 meters and has a population of about 160 thousand people.

1. Potosi - Bolivia's mining center, then produce tin, silver and copper.

2. Already in 1625, the year of Potosi was one of the largest by population, cities of the Old and New Worlds - surpassing the then London and Paris.





3. And the world's largest industrial center during the development of silver mines.









4. The name of Potosi in the language of Quechua (P'utuqsi) means - crash.



5. Walk around the city is actually pretty hard not used to because of its high altitude.





 

6. Once upon a time, the Spaniards arrived in these places, began to actively develop the deposit of silver. They forced the Indians to work in mines, where thousands are dying from horrible conditions and famine.

7. When silver inventories were depleted, the Spaniards left it. Although a few mines are still operating.



8. Bolivian soccer club - Club Bamin Real Potosi.

9. In 1987, Potosi was declared a UNESCO WorldHeritage Site.

10. Travel agencies are organized excursions to the mines, it is worth something around 50 bolivyanov.

11. After spending several days in Potosi, we went to La Paz - the capital of Bolivia.

12. La Paz is located on the same river at an altitude of 3600 m above sea level.

13. And this is the most mountainous capital of the world.

14. A beautiful city with a difficult climate.

15. Interesting fact: La Paz is situated in the crater of an extinct millions of years ago the volcano.

16. Well, here we proceed further, on the island of the sun on the Bolivian side of Lake Titicaca.

Sejarah Penciptaan Televisyen

 Boleh dikatakan hampir kesemua rumah kini mempunyai peti televisyen tetapi tidak ramai pula yang benar-benar memahami sejarah penciptaannya. Sebagai maklumat tambahan, marilah sama-sama kita ikuti sejarah penciptaannya.

Televisyen berasal dari dua kata yang berbeza asalnya iaitu tele (Bahasa Yunani) yang bererti jauh dan visi (Videre - Bahasa Latin) yang bererti penglihatan. Televisyen, kata asalnya television (Bahasa Inggeris) bermaksud melihat jauh. Melihat jauh dalam konteks pemahaman ini disamakan dengan gambar dan suara yang diterbitkan di suatu tempat (Studio Televisyen) dapat dilihat dari tempat lain menerusi sebuah alat penerima (peti TV).

Istilah television sebenarnya baharu dicetuskan pada 25 Ogos, 1900 di Kota Paris, Perancis, semasa satu pertemuan para ahli bidang elektronik dari beberapa negara diadakan di situ.

Perkembangan bidang teknologi elektronik dunia memperlihatkan beberapa kemajuan awal sejak abad ke-19 hinggalah ke abad ini. Siaran radio yang mendahului kemunculan televisyen dalam bidang itu telah dirintiskan oleh seorang ahli elektronik bernama Dane. Dalam tahun 1802, beliau telah menemukan bahawa 'pesan' dapat dikirim melalui kawat beraliran elektrik dalam jarak pendek dalam satu eksperimennya yang sederhana. Penemuan itu kemudian diperkembangkan pula oleh James Maxwell, Heinrich Bertz dan Guglemo Marconi.

James Clerk Maxwell

Maxwell, ahli geografi Inggeris, berjaya menemukan rumus-rumus yang dipercayai dapat mewujudkan gelombang elektromagnet iaitu gelombang yang digunakan untuk radio dan tv pada tahun 1865. Beliau berpendapat gerakan magnetik dapat menerusi ruang angkasa secara bergelombang dengan kecepatan 186 000 batu per saat selari dengan kecepatan cahaya.

Teorinya didapati benar dan Maxwell dikenali sebagai "Scientific Father Of Wireless" (Bapa Saintifik Wayarles).

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Pada tahun 1884, Hertz juga mendapati teori Maxwell benar dan pada tahun 1895, Marconi mempraktikkan teori itu. Pada tahun 1896 Marconi berjaya mengesan bunyi tanpa kawat dan pada tahun 1901, dia berjaya pula mengembangkannya dengan jarak melintasi Lautan Atlantik.

Pada tahun 1906, Dr. Lee de Forest dari Amerika Syarikat telah mengembangkan penemuan Marconi dan menciptakan tiub vakum yang memungkinkan suara dapat dipancarkan. Siaran radio pada awalnya telah oleh David Sarnoff (1915) dan seterusnya siaran radio itu berkembang seperti sekarang ini.

Berasaskan penemuan Dane (1802), muncul berbagai perkembangan dalam bidang komunikasi dengan inovasi terbaharu. Antaranya termasuklah telegraf, telefon, gelombang elektromagnet, radio perhubungan, radio siaran dan juga televisyen pada abad ke-20.

Kita harus menghargai sumbangan yang telah dimainkan oleh beberapa orang ahli sains yang telah berjaya melakukan penelitian untuk mewujudkan 'gagasan' pemindahan gambar dari satu tempat ke tempat lain menerusi menerusi udara.

Ferdinand Braun

Antara mereka ialah Maurice le Blance, Brillouin, Seleneqdan Dussand (di Paris), de Paiva (Lisbon), Heinreich Hertz dan Paul Nipkow (Berlin), Sutton Bidwell, Alexander Bain (London) dan Ferdinand Braun (Strassbueg). Mereka adalah peletak dasar gagasan-gagasan perkembangan TV di masa depan.

Penyelidikan untuk terus meningkatkan teknologi TV dilanjutkan menjelang Perang Dunia Pertama. Dasar TV warna pula telah dicanangkan oleh nama-nama seperti dari Jerman, Max Dickman, Rosing dan Vladimir, dari London ditemui nama Campell Swinton, Di Paris Armengaud, Rignoux dan Fournier dan di Budapest, Denes von Mihaly.

Sewaktu meletusnya Perang Dunia Pertama dan Kedua, sejarah telah menyaksikan satu perpindahan golongan penyelidik teknokrat dari Benua Eropah ke Amerika Syarikat. Antara mereke termasuklah Zworykin (Rusia) pada tahun 1918 dan Charles Jenkin dan Farnworth dari Eropah. Kehadiran mereka mendorong perkembangan yang pesat dalam bidang televisyen di negara berkenaan.

Paul Nipkow

Dari nama-nama peletak dasar TV di atas, perlu diingati juga akan penemuan Paul Nipkow (1884) iaitu sebuah alat bernama Jantra Nipkow (disebut Nipkow Disk dan Nipkowsheibe), yang melahirkan TV mekanik yang waktu itu bernama Electrische Teleskop.

Televisyen elektronik seperti yang kita miliki sekarang ini sebenarnya berpunca dari perubahan dasar TV mekanik yang mempergunakan teknik penyapuan (scanning device) walhal televisyen elektronik menggunakan teknik penyapuan secara elektrik. Semua ini berlaku hasil kerjasama para ahli elektronik Eropah dan Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1923.

Paul Nipkow telah diletakkan sebagai perintis pembangunan pertelevisyenan kerana penemuan Jantra Nipkow nya yang mana kemudian menjadi dasar perkembangan pertelevisyenan sampai diketemukannya teknik penyapuan secara elektronik pada tahun 1923. Beliau juga telah dianggap oleh dunia sebagai Bapa televisyen.

Begitulah serba sedikit mengenai sejarah TV hanya sebagai info asas untuk kita semua. Suatu masa dahulu TV merupakan satu alat yang sungguh dibanggakan bagi mereka yang boleh memilikinya sama seperti telefon bimbit sekarang.

Sherlock Holmes Museum

Sherlock Holmes Museum - London museum-house of the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes, a literary character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, the heroes of the stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, lived in the house at 221b Baker Street in 1881-1904. Until 1936 there had been furnished rooms. A famous study on the second floor overlooks the Baker Street is still preserved in the form in which it existed in the Victorian era

House of Sherlock Holmes was built in 1815. The British government has stated that the building is an architectural and historical monument of the 2nd category. From 1860 until 1934 the house was privately owned, and it was located guest house, until the building was purchased by the International Society of Sherlock Holmes

When March 27, 1990 was opened Sherlock Holmes Museum, one might think that this event had to happen for at least several decades earlier. In the end, Baker Street, 221 - the most famous address in the world, associated with the name of the great detective

In the last century people wrote letters to Sherlock Holmes and his friend, Dr. Watson, but is now an opportunity to see where and how they lived during the Victorian era. On the ground floor there is a famous study that goes back to Baker Street. Here, Holmes and Watson have worked together for almost 25 years

The first floor of the museum of Sherlock Holmes took a souvenir shop and a small lobby. On the second floor living room and Holmes - the third room Watson and Mrs. Hudson. On the fourth floor, originally used for farming purposes, placed wax figures of heroes of various works of Sherlock Holmes

The interior of the house is exactly the description that is present in the works of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, and thoroughness different study. In the museum you can see the "live" many things familiar to readers of the stories of Sherlock Holmes - Holmes violin, hunting whip, a Turkish slipper with tobacco, and equipment for chemistry experiments, an army revolver Watson, etc. On the wall of the living room under glass emblazoned Queen Victoria's monogram "VR", which Holmes "vystrelyal" in "The Rite of home Mesgreyvov"

Next to the cabinet in the back room was a bedroom. According to the descriptions of Dr. Watson, we know that the office is coming to Baker Street, was a tight fit, and that the room was covered by two broad windows. Once Holmes had to make just a step to get out of the bedroom into the office and push the curtains. On another occasion a man came into the office, which was so huge that almost filled the entire small room

Many other details and illustrations can be found in the first place, in the "Strand" in 1891. All museum visitors see it. Dr. Watson was a bedroom on the third floor and overlooks the entrance courtyard of the house. These rooms are now also open to visitors

In the room of Dr. Watson can be found in literature, paintings, photographs and newspapers of the time, and the middle of the room, Mrs. Hudson is a bronze bust of Holmes. In this room, you can also see part of the correspondence, Mr. Holmes, as well as letters that came in his name. The museum has an interesting and unusual gift shop neskodko, located on the fourth floor, designed for workers. Here you can buy a collection of gifts, ceramics, art objects, sculptures, books, prints, cards, t-shirts and much more - just for visitors

The museum building was registered as a house with a lodging-house in the period from 1860 to 1934 and, thus, is not only a house-museum of Sherlock Holmes, but also a classic example of a London apartment building late XIX century

Sherlock Holmes Museum is open daily from 9:30 to 18:30. Admission is £ 6. The museum allowed photography and videography. On the fourth floor in a separate table book visits

Museum of Astronautics

 On May 19 the Museum Space was a science fiction festival Syfy Poehali Party, which included a very comprehensive program of seminars and entertainment. Upon arrival at the museum on the local staff threw me mistook me for someone from the media, but I easily fought off a tripod quickly presented to the visitors and was indifferent to others.
By appointment only managed to sign up to the 3D-quiz on the site but have added initially desired "Travels on the ISS," and a lecture on "Prevention of collision with an asteroid." Now immersed in the museum.

1. Initially, I imagined journey to the ISS as something akin to the Avatar, that is some incredible adventure. But in practice it proved to be a class like this.

2. The whole group was divided into teams and began the match in an incredibly boring video game in which even my IT specialist skills were completely useless. The winning team went to the dock with no one to lock an imaginary space station.

3. Inside the gateway is placed 2 or 3 people in a semi recumbent position cramped.

4. I hate this computer class pretty tired, and I went to these astronauts.

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6. Satellites and to the rest space equipment.

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9. Unfortunately, there was no time to read about all the exhibits, but I think it's capsule, which was returned from space to Earth.

10. I am sure that at least some of these satellites operated by the energy generated by nuclear reactors, developed in Physics and Power Engineering in Obninsk.

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12. At this time, the employee thought the museum would be better to put the umbrella in the country.

13. And this is the famous squirrel.

14. But it also Arrow.

15. Music began almost immediately. For example, there is such a Makarevich. Makarevich on it, of course, do not like, but performed above every time I passed by.

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